House-Warming
InOctoberIwenta-grapingtotherivermeadows,andloaded
myselfwithclustersmorepreciousfortheirbeautyandfragrance
thanforfood.There,too,Iadmired,thoughIdidnotgather,the
berries,smallwaxengems,pendantsofthemeadoearly
andred,whichthefarmerpluckswithanuglyrake,leavingthe
smoothmeadowinasnarl,heedlesslymeasurihebushel
andthedollaronly,ahespoilsofthemeadstoBostonand
NewYork;destiobejammed,tosatisfythetastesofloversof
Naturethere.Sobutchersrakethetonguesofbisonoutofthe
prairiegrass,regardlessofthetornanddroopingplant.The
barberrysbrilliantfruitwaslikewisefoodformyeyesmerely;but
Icollectedasmallstoreoflesforcoddling,whichthe
proprietorandtravellershadoverlooked.Whenutswereripe
Ilaiduphalfabushelforwiwasveryexgatthat
seasontoroamthethenboundlesschestnutwoodsofLin--they
nowsleeptheirlongsleepuherailroad--withabagonmy
shoulder,andasticktoopenburswithinmyhand,forIdidnot
alwayswaitforthefrost,amidtherustlingofleavesandtheloud
reproofsoftheredsquirrelsandthejays,whosehalf-ednuts
Isometimesstole,fortheburswhichtheyhadselectedweresureto
tainsoundones.OccasionallyIclimbedandshookthetrees.
Theygrewalsobehindmyhouse,andonelargetree,whichalmost
overshadowedit,was,wheninflower,abouquetwhichstedthe
wholeneighborhood,butthesquirrelsandthejaysgotmostofits
fruit;thelastinginflocksearlyinthemandpig
thenutsoutofthebursbeforetheyfell,Irelinquishedthese
treestothemandvisitedthemoredistantwoodsposedwhollyof
chestnut.Thesenuts,asfarastheywent,wereagoodsubstitute
forbread.Manyothersubstitutesmight,perhaps,befound.
Diggingonedayforfishworms,Idiscoveredtheground-nut(Apios
tuberosa)onitsstring,thepotatooftheabines,asortof
fabulousfruit,whichIhadbeguntodoubtifIhadeverdugand
eateninchildhood,asIhadtold,andhadnotdreamedit.Ihad
oftensiscrumpledredvelvetyblossomsupportedbythe
stemsofotherplantswithoutknowingittobethesame.
Cultivationhaswell-ermi.Ithasasweetishtaste,
muchlikethatofafrost-bittenpotato,andIfounditbetter
boiledthanroasted.Thistuberseemedlikeafaintpromiseof
Naturetorearherownchildrenahemsimplyhereatsome
futureperiod.Inthesedaysoffattedcattleandwaving
graihishumbleroot,whichwasootemofanIndian
tribe,isquitefotten,orknownonlybyitsflvi
letwildNaturereignhereoncemore,aenderandluxurious
Englishgrainswillprobablydisappearbeforeamyriadoffoes,and
withouttheantheaycarrybackeveseed
oftothegreatfieldoftheIndiansGodihwest,
whenceheissaidtohavebroughtit;butthenowalmost
exterminatedground-nutwillperhapsreviveandflourishinspiteof
frostsandwildness,proveitselfindigenous,andresumeitsa
importanddignityasthedietofthehuribe.SomeIndian
CeresorMinervamusthavebeentheioraowerofit;and
whenthereignofpoetryenceshere,itsleavesandstringof
nutsmayberepresentedonourworksofart.
Already,bythefirstofSeptember,Ihadseentwoorthree
smallmaplesturnedscarletacrossthepohwherethewhite
stemsofthreeaspensdiverged,atthepointofapromontory,
thewater.Ah,manyataletheircolortold!Andgraduallyfrom
weektoweekthecharacterofeachtreecameout,anditadmired
itselfreflectedinthesmoothmirrorofthelake.Eachmthe
mahisgallerysubstitutedsomenewpicture,distinguished
bymorebrilliantorharmoniousc,fortheolduponthe
walls.
ThescamebythousandstomylodgeinOctober,astowinter
quarters,aledonmywindowswithinandonthewalls
overhead,sometimesdeterringvisitorsfromentering.Eachm,
whentheywerehcold,Isweptsomeofthemout,butIdid
nottroublemyselfmuchtogetridofthem;Ieveplimented
bytheirregardingmyhouseasadesirableshelter.Theynever
molestedmeseriously,thoughtheybeddedwithme;andthey
graduallydisappeared,intowhatcrevicesIdonotknow,avoiding
winterandunspeakablecold.
Likethes,beforeIfinallywentintowinterquartersin
November,IusedtoresorttothenortheastsideofWalden,which
thesun,reflectedfromthepitewoodsaonyshore,
madethefiresideofthepond;itissomuchpleasanterand
wholesomertobewarmedbythesunwhileyoube,thanbyan
artificialfire.Ithuswarmedmyselfbythestillglowingembers
whichthesummer,likeadepartedhunter,hadleft.
WhenIcametobuildmyeyIstudiedmasonry.Mybricks,
beingsed-handones,requiredtobeedwithatrowel,so
thatIlearnedmorethanusualofthequalitiesofbrid
trowels.Themortaronthemwasfiftyyearsold,andwassaidtobe
stillgrowingharder;butthisisohosesayingswhi
lovetorepeatwhethertheyaretrueornot.Suchsayings
themselvesgrowharderandadheremorefirmlywithage,anditwould
takemanyblowswithatroweltoanoldwiseacreofthem.
ManyofthevillagesofMesopotamiaarebuiltofsed-handbricks
ofaverygoodquality,obtainedfromtheruinsofBabylon,andthe
tonthemisolderandprobablyharderstill.Howeverthatmay
be,Iwasstruckbythepeculiartoughnessofthesteelwhichbore
somanyviolentblowswithoutbeingwornout.Asmybrickshadbeen
inaeybefore,thoughIdidhenameof
Nebuezzaronthem,IpickedoutitsmanyfireplacebricksasI
couldfind,tosaveworkandwaste,andIfilledthespacesbetween
thebricksaboutthefireplacewithstonesfromthepondshore,and
alsomademymortarwiththewhitesandfromthesameplace.I
lingeredmostaboutthefireplace,asthemostvitalpartofthe
house.Indeed,Iworkedsodeliberately,thatthoughIe
thegroundinthem,acourseofbricksraisedafewinches
abovethefloorservedformypillowatnight;yetIdida
stiffneckforitthatIremember;mystiffneckisofolderdate.
Itookapoettoboardforafhtaboutthosetimes,which
causedmetobeputtoitforroom.Hebroughthisownknife,
thoughIhadtwo,andweusedtoscourthembythrustio
theearth.Hesharedwithmethelaborsofcooking.Ileased
toseemyworkrisingsosquareandsolidbydegrees,andreflected,
that,ifitproceededslowly,itwascalculatedtoendurealong
time.Theeyistosomeextentanindeperucture,
standingontheground,andrisingthroughthehousetotheheavens;
evehehouseisburstillstandssometimes,andits
importandindependenceareapparent.Thiswastowardtheend
ofsummer.ItwasnowNovember.
Thenorthwindhadalreadybeguntocoolthepond,thoughit
tookmanyweeksofsteadyblowingtoaplishit,itissodeep.
Wheohaveafireatevening,beforeIplasteredmyhouse,
theeycarriedsmokeparticularlywell,becauseofthenumerous
ksbetweentheboards.YetIpassedsomecheerfuleveningsin
thatcoolandairyapartment,surrouheroughbrownboards
fullofknots,andrafterswiththebarkonhighoverhead.Myhouse
neverpleasedmyeyesomuchafteritlastered,thoughIwas
obligedtofessthatitwasmorefortable.Shouldnotevery
apartmentinwhidwellsbeloftyenoughtocreatesome
obscurityoverhead,whereflickeringshadolayatevening
abouttherafters?Theseformsaremreeabletothefand
imaginationthanfrescopaintingsorotherthemostexpensive
furniture.Inowfirstbegantoinhabitmyhouse,Imaysay,whenI
begantouseitforwarmthaswellasshelter.Ihadgotacouple
ofoldfire-dogstokeepthewoodfromthehearth,anditdidme
goodtoseethesootformonthebackoftheeywhichIhad
built,andIpokedthefirewithmhtandmoresatisfa
thanusual.Mydwellingwassmall,andIcouldhardlyeainan
eit;butitseemedlargerforbeingasingleapartmentand
remotefromneighbors.Alltheattrasofahousewere
tratedinoneroom;itwaskit,chamber,parlor,and
keeping-room;andwhateversatisfaparentorchild,masteror
servant,derivefromlivinginahouse,Ieall.Cato
says,themasterofafamily(patremfamilias)musthaveinhis
rusticvilla"cellamoleariam,vinariam,doliamulta,utilubeat
caritatemexpectare,etrei,etvirtuti,etgloriaeerit,"thatis,
"anoilandwinecellar,manycasks,sothatitmaybepleasantto
expecthardtimes;itwillbeforhisadvantage,andvirtue,and
glory."Ihadinmycellarafirkinofpotatoes,abouttwoquarts
ofpeaswiththeweevilinthem,andonmyshelfalittlerice,a
jugofmolasses,andofryeandIndianmealapeckeach.
Isometimesdreamofalargerandmorepopuloushouse,standing
inagoldenage,ofenduringmaterials,andwithoutgingerbread
work,whichshallstillsistofonlyoneroom,avast,rude,
substantial,primitivehall,withoutceilingorplastering,with
bareraftersandpurlinssuppasortoflowerheavenover
oneshead--usefultokeepoffrainandsnow,wherethekingand
queenpostsstandouttoreceiveyourhomage,whenyouhavedone
revereheprostrateSaturnofanolderdynastyonstepping
overthesill;acavernoushouse,whereinyoumustreachupatorch
uponapoletoseetheroof;wheresomemayliveinthefireplace,
someintherecessofawindow,andsomeoles,someatoneend
ofthehall,someatanother,andsomealoftonrafterswiththe
spiders,iftheychoose;ahousewhichyouhavegotintowhenyou
haveopeheoutsidedoor,andtheceremonyisover;wherethe
wearytravellermaywash,a,andverse,andsleep,without
furtherjourney;suchashelterasyouwouldbegladtoreaa
tempestuousnight,tainingalltheessentialsofahouse,and
nothingforhouse-keeping;whereyouseeallthetreasuresof
thehouseatoneview,ahinghangsuponitspeg,thataman
shoulduse;ato,pantry,parlor,chamber,storehouse,
andgarret;whereyouseesonecessaryathing,asabarrelora
ladder,sovehingasacupboard,ahepotboil,
andpayyourrespectstothefirethatcooksyourdinner,andthe
oventhatbakesyourbread,andthenecessaryfurnitureandutensils
arethechiefors;wherethewashingisnotputout,northe
fire,northemistress,andperhapsyouaresometimesrequestedto
movefromoffthetrap-door,whenthecookwoulddesdintothe
cellar,andsolearherthegroundissolidorhollowbeh
youwithoutstamping.Ahousewhoseinsideisasopenandma
asabirds,andyouotgoinatthefrontdoorandoutat
thebackwithoutseeingsomeofitsinhabitants;wheretobeaguest
istobepresehthefreedomofthehouse,andnottobe
carefullyexcludedfromsevehsofit,shutupinaparticular
cell,andtoldtomakeyourselfathomethere--insolitary
fi.Nowadaysthehostdoesnotadmityoutohishearth,
buthasgotthemasontobuildoneforyourselfsomewhereinhis
alley,andhospitalityistheartofkeepingyouatthegreatest
distahereisasmuchsecrecyaboutthecookingasifhehada
designtopoisonyou.IamawarethatIhavebeenonmanyamans
premises,andmighthavebeenlegallyorderedoff,butIamnot
awarethatIhavebeeninmanymenshouses.Imightvisitinmy
oldclothesakingandqueenwholivedsimplyinsuchahouseasI
havedescribed,ifIweregoingtheirway;butbagoutofa
modernpalacewillbeallthatIshalldesiretolearn,ifeverIam
caughtinone.
Itwouldseemasiftheverylanguageofourparlorswouldlose
allitsnerveanddegeeintopalaverwholly,ourlivespassat
suchremotenessfromitssymbols,anditsmetaphorsandtropesare
necessarilysofarfetched,throughslidesanddumb-waiters,asit
were;inotherwords,theparlorissofarfromthekitand
workshop.Thedinnerevenisonlytheparableofadinner,
only.AsifonlythesavagedweltnearenoughtoNatureand
Truthtoborroefromthem.Howthescholar,whodwells
awayihWestTerritoryortheIsleofMan,tellwhatis
parliamentaryi?
However,onlyowoofmyguestswereeverboldenoughto
stayaahasty-puddingwithme;butwhentheysawthatcrisis
approagtheybeatahastyretreatrather,asifitwouldshake
thehousetoitsfoundatioheless,itstoha
greatmanyhasty-puddings.
Ididnotplastertillitwasfreeziher.Ibroughtover
somewhiterandersandforthispurposefromtheopposite
shoreofthepondinaboat,asortofveyancewhichwouldhave
temptedmetogomuchfartherifnecessary.Myhousehadinthe
meanwhilebeenshingleddowntothegroundoneveryside.In
lathingIleasedtobeabletosendhomeeaailwitha
singleblowofthehammer,anditwasmyambitiontotrahe
plasterfromtheboardtothewalllyandrapidly.Iremembered
thestoryofaceitedfellow,who,ihes,waswontto
loungeaboutthevillageonce,givingadvicetoworkmeuring
oosubstitutedeedsforwords,heturneduphiscuffs,
seizedaplasterersboard,andhavingloadedhistrowelwithout
mishap,latlooktowardthelathingoverhead,madea
boldgesturethitherward;andstraightway,tohisplete
disfiture,receivedthewholetentsinhisruffledbosom.I
admiredaheeyandvenienceofplastering,whichso
effectuallyshutsoutthecoldandtakesahandsomefinish,andI
learhevariouscasualtiestowhichtheplastererisliable.I
wassurprisedtoseehowthirstythebrickswerewhichdrankupall
themoistureinmyplasterbeforeIhadsmoothedit,andhowmany
pailfulsofwaterittakestochristenah.Ihadthe
previouswintermadeasmallquantityoflimebyburningtheshells
oftheUniofluviatilis,whichourriveraffords,forthesakeof
theexperiment;sothatIknewwheremymaterialscamefrom.I
mighthavegotgoodlimestohinamileortwoandbur
myself,ifIhadcaredtodoso.
Thepondhadinthemeanwhileskimmedoverintheshadiestand
shallowestcoves,somedaysorevenweeksbeforethegeneral
freezing.Thefirsticeisespeciallyiingandperfect,
beinghard,dark,andtransparent,andaffordsthebestopportunity
thateveroffersforexaminiomwhereitisshallow;for
youlieatythonilyaninchthick,likeaskater
ionthesurfaceofthewater,andstudythebottomatyour
leisure,onlytwoorthreeinchesdistant,likeapicturebehinda
glass,aerisnecessarilyalwayssmooththen.Thereare
manyfurrowsinthesandwheresomecreaturehastravelledaboutand
doubledonitstracks;and,forwrecks,itisstrewnwiththecases
ofcaddis-wormsmadeofminutegrainsofwhitequartz.Perhaps
thesehavecreasedit,foryoufindsomeoftheircasesinthe
furrows,thoughtheyaredeepandbroadforthemtomake.Butthe
iceitselfistheobjeostihoughyoumustimprove
theearliestopportunitytostudyit.Ifyouexamicloselythe
mafteritfreezes,youfindthatthegreaterpartofthe
bubbles,whichatfirstappearedtobewithinit,areagainstits
undersurfadthatmorearetinuallyrisingfromthebottom;
whiletheiceisasyetparativelysolidanddark,thatis,you
seethewaterthroughit.Thesebubblesarefromaiethtoan
eighthofanindiameter,veryclearaiful,andyousee
yourfacereflectedihroughtheice.Theremaybethirtyor
fortyofthemtoasquareinch.Therearealsoalreadywithinthe
iarrowoblongperpendicularbubblesabouthalfaning,
sharpeswiththeapexupward;oroftener,iftheiceisquite
fresh,minutesphericalbubblesonedirectlyaboveanother,likea
stringofbeads.Butthesewithintheicearenotsonumerousnor
obviousasthosebeh.Isometimesusedtocastonstory
thestrengthoftheidthosewhichbrokethroughcarriedin
airwiththem,whiedverylargeandspicuouswhitebubbles
beh.OnedaywhenIcametothesameplaceforty-eighthours
afterward,Ifoundthatthoselargebubbleswerestillperfect,
thoughaninchmoreoficehadformed,asIcouldseedistinctlyby
theseamintheedgeofacake.Butasthelasttwodayshadbeen
verywarm,likeanIndiansummer,theicewasnotnoarent,
showingthedarkgreencolorofthewater,aom,but
opaqueandwhitishray,andthoughtwiceasthickwashardly
strohanbefore,fortheairbubbleshadgreatlyexpandedunder
thisheatandruher,andlosttheirregularity;theywereno
longeronedirectlyoveranother,butoftenlikesilverys
pouredfromabag,oneoverlappinganother,orinthinflakes,asif
occupyingslightcleavages.Thebeautyoftheicewasgone,andit
wastoolatetostudythebottom.Beingcurioustoknowwhat
positionmygreatbubblesoccupiedwithregardtothenewice,I
brokeoutacaketainingamiddlingsizedone,andtur
bottomupward.Thenewicehadformedaroundanduhebubble,
sothatitwasincludedbetweewoices.Itwaswhollyinthe
lowerice,butcloseagainsttheupper,andwasflattish,orperhaps
slightlylenticular,witharoundededge,aquarterofaninchdeep
byfourinchesindiameter;andIwassurprisedtofindthat
directlyuhebubbletheicewasmeltedwithgreatregularity
intheformofasaucerreversed,totheheightoffiveeighthsof
aninthemiddle,leavingathinpartitiontherebetweenthe
waterandthebubble,hardlyahofaninchthidinmany
placesthesmallbubblesinthispartitionhadburstoutdownward,
andprobablytherewasalluhelargestbubbles,
whichwereafootindiameter.Iinferredthattheinfinitenumber
ofminutebubbleswhichIhadfirstseenagainsttheundersurface
oftheicewerenowfrozeninlikewise,andthateaits
degree,hadoperatedlikeaburning-glassontheieathtomelt
androtit.Thesearethelittleair-gunswhitributetomake
theicecradwhoop.
Atlengththewiingoodear,justasIhadfinished
plastering,andthewiohowlaroundthehouseasifithad
nothadpermissiontodosotillthen.Nightafternightthegeese
camelumberinginthedarkwithagorandawhistlingofwings,
evehegroundwascoveredwithsnow,sometoalightin
Walden,andsomeflyinglowoverthewoodstowardFairHaven,bound
forMexico.Severaltimes,wheurningfromthevillageatten
orelevenocloight,Iheardthetreadofaflockofgeese,
orelseducks,onthedryleavesinthewoodsbyapond-holebehind
mydwelling,wheretheyhadeuptofeed,andthefainthonkor
quackoftheirleaderastheyhurriedoff.In1845Waldenfroze
entirelyoverforthefirsttimeonthenightofthe22dof
December,Flintsandothershallowerpondsandtheriverhaving
beenfrozentendaysormore;in46,the16th;in49,aboutthe
31st;andin50,aboutthe27thofDecember;in52,the5thof
January;in53,the31stofDecember.Thesnowhadalreadycovered
thegroundsihe25thofNovember,andsurroundedmesuddenly
withtheseryofwinter.Iwithdrewyetfartherintomyshell,
andendeavoredtokeepabrightfirebothwithinmyhouseandwithin
mybreast.Myemploymentoutofdoorsnowwastocollectthedead
woodintheforest,bringingitinmyhandsoronmyshoulders,or
sometimestrailingadeadpireeundereacharmtomyshed.An
oldforestfencewhichhadseenitsbestdayswasagreathaulfor
me.IsacrificedittoVul,foritastservingthegod
Terminus.Howmuchmoreiiisthatmanssupper
whohasjustbeenforthinthesnowtohunt,nay,youmightsay,
steal,thefueltocookitwith!Hisbreadaaresweet.
Thereareenoughfagotsandwastewoodofallkindsintheforests
ofmostofourtownstosupportmanyfires,butwhichatpresent
warmnone,and,somethink,hihegrowthoftheyoungwood.
Therewasalsothedriftwoodofthepond.Inthecourseofthe
summerIhaddiscoveredaraftofpitelogswiththebarkon,
piogetherbytheIrishwhentherailroadwasbuilt.ThisI
hauleduppartlyontheshore.Aftersoakingtwoyearsandthen
lyinghighsixmonthsiterfectlysound,thoughwaterlogged
pastdrying.Iamusedmyselfoerdaywithslidingthis
piecemealacrossthepond,nearlyhalfamile,skatingbehindwith
oneendofalogfifteelongonmyshoulder,aheron
theice;orItiedseverallogstogetherwithabirchwithe,and
then,withalongerbirchoralderwhichhadabookattheend,
draggedthemacross.Thoughpletelywaterloggedandalmostas
heavyaslead,theynotonlyburnedlong,butmadeaveryhotfire;
nay,Ithoughtthattheyburerforthesoaking,asifthe
pitch,beingfihewater,burnedlonger,asinalamp.
Gilpin,inhisatoftheforestborderersofEngland,says
that"theenentsoftrespassers,andthehousesandfences
thusraisedonthebordersoftheforest,"were"sideredasgreat
nuisaheoldforestlaw,andwereseverelypunishedunder
thenameofpurprestures,astendingadterroremferarum--ad
notumforestae,etc.,"tothefrighteningofthegameandthe
detrimentoftheforest.ButIwasiedinthepreservation
ofthevenisonamorethaersorwoodchoppers,
andasmuchasthoughIhadbeentheLordWardenhimself;andifany
partwasburhoughIburmyselfbyact,Igrieved
withagriefthatlastedlongerandwasmoreinsolablethanthat
oftheproprietors;nay,Igrievedwhenitwascutdownbythe
proprietorsthemselves.Iwouldthatourfarmerswhedown
aforestfeltsomeofthatawewhichtheoldRomansdidwhenthey
cametothin,orletinthelightto,asecratedgrove(lucum
lucare),thatis,wouldbelievethatitissacredtosomegod.
TheRomanmadeanexpiatory,andprayed,Whatevergododdessthouarttowhomthisgroveissacred,bepropitioustome,
myfamily,andchildrec.
Itisremarkablewhatavalueisstillputuponwoodevenin
thisageandinthisnewtry,avaluemorepermaand
universalthanthatofgold.Afterallourdiscoveriesand
iionsnomanwillgobyapileofwood.Itisaspreciousto
usasitwastoourSaxonandNormaors.Iftheymadetheir
bowsofit,wemakeun-stocksofit.Michaux,morethanthirty
yearsago,saysthatthepriceofwoodforfuelinNewYorkand
Philadelphia"nearlyequals,andsometimesexceeds,thatofthebest
woodinParis,thoughthisimmensecapitalannuallyrequiresmore
thanthreehuhousandcords,andissurrouhedistance
ofthreehundredmilesbycultivatedplains."Inthistownthe
priceofwoodrisesalmoststeadily,andtheonlyquestionis,how
muchhigheritistobethisyearthanitwasthelast.Meics
andtradesmenwhoeinpersontotheforestonnoothererrand,
aresuretoattendthewoodau,andevenpayahighpricefor
theprivilegeofgleaningafterthewoodchopper.Itisnowmany
yearsthatmenhaveresortedtotheforestforfuelandthe
materialsofthearts:theNewEnglanderandtheNewHollahe
Parisiana,thefarmerandRobinHood,GoodyBlakeand
HarryGill;inmostpartsoftheworldtheprihepeasant,
thescholarandthesavage,equallyrequirestillafewsticksfrom
theforesttowarmthemandcooktheirfood.hercouldIdo
withoutthem.
Everymanlooksathiswood-pilewithakindofaffe.I
lovetohaveminebeforemywindow,andthemorechipsthebetterto
remindmeofmypleasingwork.Ihadanoldaxewhiobody
claimed,withwhichbyspellsinwinterdays,onthesunnysideof
thehouse,IplayedaboutthestumpswhichIhadgotoutofmy
bean-field.AsmydriverprophesiedwhenIlowing,theywarmed
metwice--oncewhileIlittingthem,andagaihey
wereonthefire,sothatnofuelcouldgiveoutmoreheat.Asfor
theaxe,Iwasadvisedtogetthevillageblacksmithto"jump"it;
butIjumpedhim,and,puttingahickoryhelvefromthewo松语文学www.16sy.coM免费小说阅读
myselfwithclustersmorepreciousfortheirbeautyandfragrance
thanforfood.There,too,Iadmired,thoughIdidnotgather,the
berries,smallwaxengems,pendantsofthemeadoearly
andred,whichthefarmerpluckswithanuglyrake,leavingthe
smoothmeadowinasnarl,heedlesslymeasurihebushel
andthedollaronly,ahespoilsofthemeadstoBostonand
NewYork;destiobejammed,tosatisfythetastesofloversof
Naturethere.Sobutchersrakethetonguesofbisonoutofthe
prairiegrass,regardlessofthetornanddroopingplant.The
barberrysbrilliantfruitwaslikewisefoodformyeyesmerely;but
Icollectedasmallstoreoflesforcoddling,whichthe
proprietorandtravellershadoverlooked.Whenutswereripe
Ilaiduphalfabushelforwiwasveryexgatthat
seasontoroamthethenboundlesschestnutwoodsofLin--they
nowsleeptheirlongsleepuherailroad--withabagonmy
shoulder,andasticktoopenburswithinmyhand,forIdidnot
alwayswaitforthefrost,amidtherustlingofleavesandtheloud
reproofsoftheredsquirrelsandthejays,whosehalf-ednuts
Isometimesstole,fortheburswhichtheyhadselectedweresureto
tainsoundones.OccasionallyIclimbedandshookthetrees.
Theygrewalsobehindmyhouse,andonelargetree,whichalmost
overshadowedit,was,wheninflower,abouquetwhichstedthe
wholeneighborhood,butthesquirrelsandthejaysgotmostofits
fruit;thelastinginflocksearlyinthemandpig
thenutsoutofthebursbeforetheyfell,Irelinquishedthese
treestothemandvisitedthemoredistantwoodsposedwhollyof
chestnut.Thesenuts,asfarastheywent,wereagoodsubstitute
forbread.Manyothersubstitutesmight,perhaps,befound.
Diggingonedayforfishworms,Idiscoveredtheground-nut(Apios
tuberosa)onitsstring,thepotatooftheabines,asortof
fabulousfruit,whichIhadbeguntodoubtifIhadeverdugand
eateninchildhood,asIhadtold,andhadnotdreamedit.Ihad
oftensiscrumpledredvelvetyblossomsupportedbythe
stemsofotherplantswithoutknowingittobethesame.
Cultivationhaswell-ermi.Ithasasweetishtaste,
muchlikethatofafrost-bittenpotato,andIfounditbetter
boiledthanroasted.Thistuberseemedlikeafaintpromiseof
Naturetorearherownchildrenahemsimplyhereatsome
futureperiod.Inthesedaysoffattedcattleandwaving
graihishumbleroot,whichwasootemofanIndian
tribe,isquitefotten,orknownonlybyitsflvi
letwildNaturereignhereoncemore,aenderandluxurious
Englishgrainswillprobablydisappearbeforeamyriadoffoes,and
withouttheantheaycarrybackeveseed
oftothegreatfieldoftheIndiansGodihwest,
whenceheissaidtohavebroughtit;butthenowalmost
exterminatedground-nutwillperhapsreviveandflourishinspiteof
frostsandwildness,proveitselfindigenous,andresumeitsa
importanddignityasthedietofthehuribe.SomeIndian
CeresorMinervamusthavebeentheioraowerofit;and
whenthereignofpoetryenceshere,itsleavesandstringof
nutsmayberepresentedonourworksofart.
Already,bythefirstofSeptember,Ihadseentwoorthree
smallmaplesturnedscarletacrossthepohwherethewhite
stemsofthreeaspensdiverged,atthepointofapromontory,
thewater.Ah,manyataletheircolortold!Andgraduallyfrom
weektoweekthecharacterofeachtreecameout,anditadmired
itselfreflectedinthesmoothmirrorofthelake.Eachmthe
mahisgallerysubstitutedsomenewpicture,distinguished
bymorebrilliantorharmoniousc,fortheolduponthe
walls.
ThescamebythousandstomylodgeinOctober,astowinter
quarters,aledonmywindowswithinandonthewalls
overhead,sometimesdeterringvisitorsfromentering.Eachm,
whentheywerehcold,Isweptsomeofthemout,butIdid
nottroublemyselfmuchtogetridofthem;Ieveplimented
bytheirregardingmyhouseasadesirableshelter.Theynever
molestedmeseriously,thoughtheybeddedwithme;andthey
graduallydisappeared,intowhatcrevicesIdonotknow,avoiding
winterandunspeakablecold.
Likethes,beforeIfinallywentintowinterquartersin
November,IusedtoresorttothenortheastsideofWalden,which
thesun,reflectedfromthepitewoodsaonyshore,
madethefiresideofthepond;itissomuchpleasanterand
wholesomertobewarmedbythesunwhileyoube,thanbyan
artificialfire.Ithuswarmedmyselfbythestillglowingembers
whichthesummer,likeadepartedhunter,hadleft.
WhenIcametobuildmyeyIstudiedmasonry.Mybricks,
beingsed-handones,requiredtobeedwithatrowel,so
thatIlearnedmorethanusualofthequalitiesofbrid
trowels.Themortaronthemwasfiftyyearsold,andwassaidtobe
stillgrowingharder;butthisisohosesayingswhi
lovetorepeatwhethertheyaretrueornot.Suchsayings
themselvesgrowharderandadheremorefirmlywithage,anditwould
takemanyblowswithatroweltoanoldwiseacreofthem.
ManyofthevillagesofMesopotamiaarebuiltofsed-handbricks
ofaverygoodquality,obtainedfromtheruinsofBabylon,andthe
tonthemisolderandprobablyharderstill.Howeverthatmay
be,Iwasstruckbythepeculiartoughnessofthesteelwhichbore
somanyviolentblowswithoutbeingwornout.Asmybrickshadbeen
inaeybefore,thoughIdidhenameof
Nebuezzaronthem,IpickedoutitsmanyfireplacebricksasI
couldfind,tosaveworkandwaste,andIfilledthespacesbetween
thebricksaboutthefireplacewithstonesfromthepondshore,and
alsomademymortarwiththewhitesandfromthesameplace.I
lingeredmostaboutthefireplace,asthemostvitalpartofthe
house.Indeed,Iworkedsodeliberately,thatthoughIe
thegroundinthem,acourseofbricksraisedafewinches
abovethefloorservedformypillowatnight;yetIdida
stiffneckforitthatIremember;mystiffneckisofolderdate.
Itookapoettoboardforafhtaboutthosetimes,which
causedmetobeputtoitforroom.Hebroughthisownknife,
thoughIhadtwo,andweusedtoscourthembythrustio
theearth.Hesharedwithmethelaborsofcooking.Ileased
toseemyworkrisingsosquareandsolidbydegrees,andreflected,
that,ifitproceededslowly,itwascalculatedtoendurealong
time.Theeyistosomeextentanindeperucture,
standingontheground,andrisingthroughthehousetotheheavens;
evehehouseisburstillstandssometimes,andits
importandindependenceareapparent.Thiswastowardtheend
ofsummer.ItwasnowNovember.
Thenorthwindhadalreadybeguntocoolthepond,thoughit
tookmanyweeksofsteadyblowingtoaplishit,itissodeep.
Wheohaveafireatevening,beforeIplasteredmyhouse,
theeycarriedsmokeparticularlywell,becauseofthenumerous
ksbetweentheboards.YetIpassedsomecheerfuleveningsin
thatcoolandairyapartment,surrouheroughbrownboards
fullofknots,andrafterswiththebarkonhighoverhead.Myhouse
neverpleasedmyeyesomuchafteritlastered,thoughIwas
obligedtofessthatitwasmorefortable.Shouldnotevery
apartmentinwhidwellsbeloftyenoughtocreatesome
obscurityoverhead,whereflickeringshadolayatevening
abouttherafters?Theseformsaremreeabletothefand
imaginationthanfrescopaintingsorotherthemostexpensive
furniture.Inowfirstbegantoinhabitmyhouse,Imaysay,whenI
begantouseitforwarmthaswellasshelter.Ihadgotacouple
ofoldfire-dogstokeepthewoodfromthehearth,anditdidme
goodtoseethesootformonthebackoftheeywhichIhad
built,andIpokedthefirewithmhtandmoresatisfa
thanusual.Mydwellingwassmall,andIcouldhardlyeainan
eit;butitseemedlargerforbeingasingleapartmentand
remotefromneighbors.Alltheattrasofahousewere
tratedinoneroom;itwaskit,chamber,parlor,and
keeping-room;andwhateversatisfaparentorchild,masteror
servant,derivefromlivinginahouse,Ieall.Cato
says,themasterofafamily(patremfamilias)musthaveinhis
rusticvilla"cellamoleariam,vinariam,doliamulta,utilubeat
caritatemexpectare,etrei,etvirtuti,etgloriaeerit,"thatis,
"anoilandwinecellar,manycasks,sothatitmaybepleasantto
expecthardtimes;itwillbeforhisadvantage,andvirtue,and
glory."Ihadinmycellarafirkinofpotatoes,abouttwoquarts
ofpeaswiththeweevilinthem,andonmyshelfalittlerice,a
jugofmolasses,andofryeandIndianmealapeckeach.
Isometimesdreamofalargerandmorepopuloushouse,standing
inagoldenage,ofenduringmaterials,andwithoutgingerbread
work,whichshallstillsistofonlyoneroom,avast,rude,
substantial,primitivehall,withoutceilingorplastering,with
bareraftersandpurlinssuppasortoflowerheavenover
oneshead--usefultokeepoffrainandsnow,wherethekingand
queenpostsstandouttoreceiveyourhomage,whenyouhavedone
revereheprostrateSaturnofanolderdynastyonstepping
overthesill;acavernoushouse,whereinyoumustreachupatorch
uponapoletoseetheroof;wheresomemayliveinthefireplace,
someintherecessofawindow,andsomeoles,someatoneend
ofthehall,someatanother,andsomealoftonrafterswiththe
spiders,iftheychoose;ahousewhichyouhavegotintowhenyou
haveopeheoutsidedoor,andtheceremonyisover;wherethe
wearytravellermaywash,a,andverse,andsleep,without
furtherjourney;suchashelterasyouwouldbegladtoreaa
tempestuousnight,tainingalltheessentialsofahouse,and
nothingforhouse-keeping;whereyouseeallthetreasuresof
thehouseatoneview,ahinghangsuponitspeg,thataman
shoulduse;ato,pantry,parlor,chamber,storehouse,
andgarret;whereyouseesonecessaryathing,asabarrelora
ladder,sovehingasacupboard,ahepotboil,
andpayyourrespectstothefirethatcooksyourdinner,andthe
oventhatbakesyourbread,andthenecessaryfurnitureandutensils
arethechiefors;wherethewashingisnotputout,northe
fire,northemistress,andperhapsyouaresometimesrequestedto
movefromoffthetrap-door,whenthecookwoulddesdintothe
cellar,andsolearherthegroundissolidorhollowbeh
youwithoutstamping.Ahousewhoseinsideisasopenandma
asabirds,andyouotgoinatthefrontdoorandoutat
thebackwithoutseeingsomeofitsinhabitants;wheretobeaguest
istobepresehthefreedomofthehouse,andnottobe
carefullyexcludedfromsevehsofit,shutupinaparticular
cell,andtoldtomakeyourselfathomethere--insolitary
fi.Nowadaysthehostdoesnotadmityoutohishearth,
buthasgotthemasontobuildoneforyourselfsomewhereinhis
alley,andhospitalityistheartofkeepingyouatthegreatest
distahereisasmuchsecrecyaboutthecookingasifhehada
designtopoisonyou.IamawarethatIhavebeenonmanyamans
premises,andmighthavebeenlegallyorderedoff,butIamnot
awarethatIhavebeeninmanymenshouses.Imightvisitinmy
oldclothesakingandqueenwholivedsimplyinsuchahouseasI
havedescribed,ifIweregoingtheirway;butbagoutofa
modernpalacewillbeallthatIshalldesiretolearn,ifeverIam
caughtinone.
Itwouldseemasiftheverylanguageofourparlorswouldlose
allitsnerveanddegeeintopalaverwholly,ourlivespassat
suchremotenessfromitssymbols,anditsmetaphorsandtropesare
necessarilysofarfetched,throughslidesanddumb-waiters,asit
were;inotherwords,theparlorissofarfromthekitand
workshop.Thedinnerevenisonlytheparableofadinner,
only.AsifonlythesavagedweltnearenoughtoNatureand
Truthtoborroefromthem.Howthescholar,whodwells
awayihWestTerritoryortheIsleofMan,tellwhatis
parliamentaryi?
However,onlyowoofmyguestswereeverboldenoughto
stayaahasty-puddingwithme;butwhentheysawthatcrisis
approagtheybeatahastyretreatrather,asifitwouldshake
thehousetoitsfoundatioheless,itstoha
greatmanyhasty-puddings.
Ididnotplastertillitwasfreeziher.Ibroughtover
somewhiterandersandforthispurposefromtheopposite
shoreofthepondinaboat,asortofveyancewhichwouldhave
temptedmetogomuchfartherifnecessary.Myhousehadinthe
meanwhilebeenshingleddowntothegroundoneveryside.In
lathingIleasedtobeabletosendhomeeaailwitha
singleblowofthehammer,anditwasmyambitiontotrahe
plasterfromtheboardtothewalllyandrapidly.Iremembered
thestoryofaceitedfellow,who,ihes,waswontto
loungeaboutthevillageonce,givingadvicetoworkmeuring
oosubstitutedeedsforwords,heturneduphiscuffs,
seizedaplasterersboard,andhavingloadedhistrowelwithout
mishap,latlooktowardthelathingoverhead,madea
boldgesturethitherward;andstraightway,tohisplete
disfiture,receivedthewholetentsinhisruffledbosom.I
admiredaheeyandvenienceofplastering,whichso
effectuallyshutsoutthecoldandtakesahandsomefinish,andI
learhevariouscasualtiestowhichtheplastererisliable.I
wassurprisedtoseehowthirstythebrickswerewhichdrankupall
themoistureinmyplasterbeforeIhadsmoothedit,andhowmany
pailfulsofwaterittakestochristenah.Ihadthe
previouswintermadeasmallquantityoflimebyburningtheshells
oftheUniofluviatilis,whichourriveraffords,forthesakeof
theexperiment;sothatIknewwheremymaterialscamefrom.I
mighthavegotgoodlimestohinamileortwoandbur
myself,ifIhadcaredtodoso.
Thepondhadinthemeanwhileskimmedoverintheshadiestand
shallowestcoves,somedaysorevenweeksbeforethegeneral
freezing.Thefirsticeisespeciallyiingandperfect,
beinghard,dark,andtransparent,andaffordsthebestopportunity
thateveroffersforexaminiomwhereitisshallow;for
youlieatythonilyaninchthick,likeaskater
ionthesurfaceofthewater,andstudythebottomatyour
leisure,onlytwoorthreeinchesdistant,likeapicturebehinda
glass,aerisnecessarilyalwayssmooththen.Thereare
manyfurrowsinthesandwheresomecreaturehastravelledaboutand
doubledonitstracks;and,forwrecks,itisstrewnwiththecases
ofcaddis-wormsmadeofminutegrainsofwhitequartz.Perhaps
thesehavecreasedit,foryoufindsomeoftheircasesinthe
furrows,thoughtheyaredeepandbroadforthemtomake.Butthe
iceitselfistheobjeostihoughyoumustimprove
theearliestopportunitytostudyit.Ifyouexamicloselythe
mafteritfreezes,youfindthatthegreaterpartofthe
bubbles,whichatfirstappearedtobewithinit,areagainstits
undersurfadthatmorearetinuallyrisingfromthebottom;
whiletheiceisasyetparativelysolidanddark,thatis,you
seethewaterthroughit.Thesebubblesarefromaiethtoan
eighthofanindiameter,veryclearaiful,andyousee
yourfacereflectedihroughtheice.Theremaybethirtyor
fortyofthemtoasquareinch.Therearealsoalreadywithinthe
iarrowoblongperpendicularbubblesabouthalfaning,
sharpeswiththeapexupward;oroftener,iftheiceisquite
fresh,minutesphericalbubblesonedirectlyaboveanother,likea
stringofbeads.Butthesewithintheicearenotsonumerousnor
obviousasthosebeh.Isometimesusedtocastonstory
thestrengthoftheidthosewhichbrokethroughcarriedin
airwiththem,whiedverylargeandspicuouswhitebubbles
beh.OnedaywhenIcametothesameplaceforty-eighthours
afterward,Ifoundthatthoselargebubbleswerestillperfect,
thoughaninchmoreoficehadformed,asIcouldseedistinctlyby
theseamintheedgeofacake.Butasthelasttwodayshadbeen
verywarm,likeanIndiansummer,theicewasnotnoarent,
showingthedarkgreencolorofthewater,aom,but
opaqueandwhitishray,andthoughtwiceasthickwashardly
strohanbefore,fortheairbubbleshadgreatlyexpandedunder
thisheatandruher,andlosttheirregularity;theywereno
longeronedirectlyoveranother,butoftenlikesilverys
pouredfromabag,oneoverlappinganother,orinthinflakes,asif
occupyingslightcleavages.Thebeautyoftheicewasgone,andit
wastoolatetostudythebottom.Beingcurioustoknowwhat
positionmygreatbubblesoccupiedwithregardtothenewice,I
brokeoutacaketainingamiddlingsizedone,andtur
bottomupward.Thenewicehadformedaroundanduhebubble,
sothatitwasincludedbetweewoices.Itwaswhollyinthe
lowerice,butcloseagainsttheupper,andwasflattish,orperhaps
slightlylenticular,witharoundededge,aquarterofaninchdeep
byfourinchesindiameter;andIwassurprisedtofindthat
directlyuhebubbletheicewasmeltedwithgreatregularity
intheformofasaucerreversed,totheheightoffiveeighthsof
aninthemiddle,leavingathinpartitiontherebetweenthe
waterandthebubble,hardlyahofaninchthidinmany
placesthesmallbubblesinthispartitionhadburstoutdownward,
andprobablytherewasalluhelargestbubbles,
whichwereafootindiameter.Iinferredthattheinfinitenumber
ofminutebubbleswhichIhadfirstseenagainsttheundersurface
oftheicewerenowfrozeninlikewise,andthateaits
degree,hadoperatedlikeaburning-glassontheieathtomelt
androtit.Thesearethelittleair-gunswhitributetomake
theicecradwhoop.
Atlengththewiingoodear,justasIhadfinished
plastering,andthewiohowlaroundthehouseasifithad
nothadpermissiontodosotillthen.Nightafternightthegeese
camelumberinginthedarkwithagorandawhistlingofwings,
evehegroundwascoveredwithsnow,sometoalightin
Walden,andsomeflyinglowoverthewoodstowardFairHaven,bound
forMexico.Severaltimes,wheurningfromthevillageatten
orelevenocloight,Iheardthetreadofaflockofgeese,
orelseducks,onthedryleavesinthewoodsbyapond-holebehind
mydwelling,wheretheyhadeuptofeed,andthefainthonkor
quackoftheirleaderastheyhurriedoff.In1845Waldenfroze
entirelyoverforthefirsttimeonthenightofthe22dof
December,Flintsandothershallowerpondsandtheriverhaving
beenfrozentendaysormore;in46,the16th;in49,aboutthe
31st;andin50,aboutthe27thofDecember;in52,the5thof
January;in53,the31stofDecember.Thesnowhadalreadycovered
thegroundsihe25thofNovember,andsurroundedmesuddenly
withtheseryofwinter.Iwithdrewyetfartherintomyshell,
andendeavoredtokeepabrightfirebothwithinmyhouseandwithin
mybreast.Myemploymentoutofdoorsnowwastocollectthedead
woodintheforest,bringingitinmyhandsoronmyshoulders,or
sometimestrailingadeadpireeundereacharmtomyshed.An
oldforestfencewhichhadseenitsbestdayswasagreathaulfor
me.IsacrificedittoVul,foritastservingthegod
Terminus.Howmuchmoreiiisthatmanssupper
whohasjustbeenforthinthesnowtohunt,nay,youmightsay,
steal,thefueltocookitwith!Hisbreadaaresweet.
Thereareenoughfagotsandwastewoodofallkindsintheforests
ofmostofourtownstosupportmanyfires,butwhichatpresent
warmnone,and,somethink,hihegrowthoftheyoungwood.
Therewasalsothedriftwoodofthepond.Inthecourseofthe
summerIhaddiscoveredaraftofpitelogswiththebarkon,
piogetherbytheIrishwhentherailroadwasbuilt.ThisI
hauleduppartlyontheshore.Aftersoakingtwoyearsandthen
lyinghighsixmonthsiterfectlysound,thoughwaterlogged
pastdrying.Iamusedmyselfoerdaywithslidingthis
piecemealacrossthepond,nearlyhalfamile,skatingbehindwith
oneendofalogfifteelongonmyshoulder,aheron
theice;orItiedseverallogstogetherwithabirchwithe,and
then,withalongerbirchoralderwhichhadabookattheend,
draggedthemacross.Thoughpletelywaterloggedandalmostas
heavyaslead,theynotonlyburnedlong,butmadeaveryhotfire;
nay,Ithoughtthattheyburerforthesoaking,asifthe
pitch,beingfihewater,burnedlonger,asinalamp.
Gilpin,inhisatoftheforestborderersofEngland,says
that"theenentsoftrespassers,andthehousesandfences
thusraisedonthebordersoftheforest,"were"sideredasgreat
nuisaheoldforestlaw,andwereseverelypunishedunder
thenameofpurprestures,astendingadterroremferarum--ad
notumforestae,etc.,"tothefrighteningofthegameandthe
detrimentoftheforest.ButIwasiedinthepreservation
ofthevenisonamorethaersorwoodchoppers,
andasmuchasthoughIhadbeentheLordWardenhimself;andifany
partwasburhoughIburmyselfbyact,Igrieved
withagriefthatlastedlongerandwasmoreinsolablethanthat
oftheproprietors;nay,Igrievedwhenitwascutdownbythe
proprietorsthemselves.Iwouldthatourfarmerswhedown
aforestfeltsomeofthatawewhichtheoldRomansdidwhenthey
cametothin,orletinthelightto,asecratedgrove(lucum
lucare),thatis,wouldbelievethatitissacredtosomegod.
TheRomanmadeanexpiatory,andprayed,Whatevergododdessthouarttowhomthisgroveissacred,bepropitioustome,
myfamily,andchildrec.
Itisremarkablewhatavalueisstillputuponwoodevenin
thisageandinthisnewtry,avaluemorepermaand
universalthanthatofgold.Afterallourdiscoveriesand
iionsnomanwillgobyapileofwood.Itisaspreciousto
usasitwastoourSaxonandNormaors.Iftheymadetheir
bowsofit,wemakeun-stocksofit.Michaux,morethanthirty
yearsago,saysthatthepriceofwoodforfuelinNewYorkand
Philadelphia"nearlyequals,andsometimesexceeds,thatofthebest
woodinParis,thoughthisimmensecapitalannuallyrequiresmore
thanthreehuhousandcords,andissurrouhedistance
ofthreehundredmilesbycultivatedplains."Inthistownthe
priceofwoodrisesalmoststeadily,andtheonlyquestionis,how
muchhigheritistobethisyearthanitwasthelast.Meics
andtradesmenwhoeinpersontotheforestonnoothererrand,
aresuretoattendthewoodau,andevenpayahighpricefor
theprivilegeofgleaningafterthewoodchopper.Itisnowmany
yearsthatmenhaveresortedtotheforestforfuelandthe
materialsofthearts:theNewEnglanderandtheNewHollahe
Parisiana,thefarmerandRobinHood,GoodyBlakeand
HarryGill;inmostpartsoftheworldtheprihepeasant,
thescholarandthesavage,equallyrequirestillafewsticksfrom
theforesttowarmthemandcooktheirfood.hercouldIdo
withoutthem.
Everymanlooksathiswood-pilewithakindofaffe.I
lovetohaveminebeforemywindow,andthemorechipsthebetterto
remindmeofmypleasingwork.Ihadanoldaxewhiobody
claimed,withwhichbyspellsinwinterdays,onthesunnysideof
thehouse,IplayedaboutthestumpswhichIhadgotoutofmy
bean-field.AsmydriverprophesiedwhenIlowing,theywarmed
metwice--oncewhileIlittingthem,andagaihey
wereonthefire,sothatnofuelcouldgiveoutmoreheat.Asfor
theaxe,Iwasadvisedtogetthevillageblacksmithto"jump"it;
butIjumpedhim,and,puttingahickoryhelvefromthewo松语文学www.16sy.coM免费小说阅读